PCB產業自動化 刻不容緩
Date: 2014-08-21
News Type:
目前PCB產業整體自動化程度相當低,IC載板及HDI因技術困難度高,自動化程度也較高,軟板前段制程自動化程度也逐步增加,但後段組裝、外觀檢測仍仰賴大量人工。研調機構Prismark分析,PCB產業自動化將面臨幾大主要挑戰,首先是投資成本和產出效率、良率提升、產值成長之間的平衡,由於PCB產業獲利能力逐漸偏低,加上市況變化迅速,接單難以預料,若設備折舊、固定費用過高,將帶來很大的風險。
其次是PCB制程缺乏共通標準,個別廠商的產品組合、制程、應用都不同,軟板的客制化程度更高,自動化工具需要共通平臺與軟硬體整合,這是相當大的挑戰,此外,材料和PCB產品輸送設備等都需要建立控制標準,用於取代人眼的3D缺陷檢測工具也須有所進展。相較於晶圓代工產業,PCB產業的人均產值相對偏低,也相對無法承受人工成本提高的直接影響,以2013年來看,台積電人均產值約達54萬美元,而PCB產業中人均產值最高、自動化程度也最高的景碩則為17萬美元,全球最大HDI業者Ibiden也僅15.5萬美元。
而近年來,全球前十大PCB業者的營業利益率半數呈現下滑,臺灣兩大PCB廠欣興、健鼎在2007~2013年間,營益率分別下滑21.5%與5.8%,對應至大陸平均年薪每年攀升的趨勢,以及PCB細線路、輕薄設計的高端技術要求,透過自動化投資改善產出效率、節省人力已成為PCB產業刻不容緩的議題。(新聞來源:DIGITIMES)
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