美經濟成長恐跌破2 陸難保6
Date: 2019-08-27
News Type:
美國政府宣布對中國大陸的新一輪關稅措施,最重大的意義在於25%的懲罰性關稅稅率已不再是上限,將進一步打擊企業投資意願,甚至使消費者縮減支出,導致美國今年經濟成長率面臨「破2」壓力,中國大陸經濟成長率也可能難以「保6」。
川普新宣布的關稅措施包括目前對2,500億美元大陸產品加徵的懲罰性關稅稅率,10月1日起將由25%提高到30%;原訂9月1日對陸貨加徵的懲罰性關稅稅率,將從10%提高到15%,但原本規劃9月1日起對1,110億美元陸貨加徵關稅、12月15日起再對另外1,560億美元陸貨開徵的兩階段加徵計畫是否作廢,仍不清楚。
彭博經濟學家原先預估,美國今年第3季國內生產毛額(GDP)將成長2.1%、第4季成長2.2%,但若上述關稅措施落實,導致投資停滯,預估第3、4季的GDP成長率將分別降到1.8%及1.7%。新關稅措施將使企業搶先建立庫存,因此可能促進美國第3季的進、出口。
美國上半年的企業投資成長已大幅縮小;新措施一旦落實,下半年投資可能停滯、甚至萎縮;若投資萎縮,將造成就業成長減緩,薪資升幅下降,消費者可能看緊荷包,結果可能使今年全年GDP成長率低於2%。
彭博資訊訪調的經濟學家也預估,美國對陸新關稅實施後,大陸GDP成長率可能難以「保6」。經濟學家預估,若美國按原定計畫,9月1日與12月15日起分兩階段對3,000億美元陸貨加徵10%關稅,將使大陸經濟成長率減少多達0.5個百分點,但川普已宣布將再提高加徵的關稅稅率,衝擊可能更大。大陸今年經濟估將成長6.2%,明年成長6.0%。
大陸可能加碼刺激經濟措施支撐成長。彭博經濟學家也預期,聯準會(Fed)將分別於9月、11月及12月各降息1碼;預料Fed不會一次降息2碼,因這是因應經濟可能衰退時才有的做法。(新聞來源:經濟日報)
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