日韓大戰 全球科技業恐斷鏈
Date: 2019-08-05
News Type:
日本與南韓的半導體貿易戰,可能讓全球科技產業陷入「斷鏈」危機。日本確定將把南韓從出口貿易的優惠待遇「白色名單」上除名,管制範圍從原本三項半導體和面板製程關鍵材料、擴大到半導體矽晶圓、設備和電子級化學材料,重創南韓半導體產業之餘,可能也讓仰賴這些產品的資通訊產業陷入缺貨苦戰,台灣半導體業者已開始展開穩固貨源的行動。
半導體業者透露,日本將南韓移出優惠待遇的「白名單國家」後,需要審查的產品從三項增至千項。除了稍早公布的光阻劑、高純度氟化氫及聚醯亞胺外,日本還有很多重要原材料,包括半導體矽晶圓、記憶體測試設備、電子顯微設備和半導體後段環氧樹脂等多項材料都居市場主要地位。稍早日本只限制三項原材料出口,已讓三星焦頭爛額,如今限制項目擴大到上千項,讓南韓半導體三雄三星、記憶體大廠SK海力士以及LG集團的生產難度加高 。南韓也將報復性地將日本從「白名單」刪除,本周將公布計畫細節與程序,但日本政府消息人士表示,對日本不會造成嚴重影響,因為「從台灣採購(半導體)也可以」。
日本讀賣新聞引述消息人士報導,日本是出口原物料、採購成品進口。「(日本從南韓進口的產品)幾乎沒有不能代替的品項」,就算需要個別申請,只要用途沒有問題,也能買到。諮詢機構認為,日本或許是要逼南韓談判,但如今可以確定的是,雙方貿易戰短期難以善了。
台灣半導體業者分析,日本掌握半導體關鍵材料,每一項都足以阻斷南韓半導體廠生產,現在三星和SK海力士等也感到事態嚴重,啟動採用其他原料廠或加速其他供應廠認證。但短期難以完成認證,也會影響良率,以三星和SK海力士來說,記憶體全球市占率高達76%,涵蓋手機、電視、網路設備、伺服器、家電及消費性電子,牽連甚廣 。
台灣半導體業者評估,一旦產品供應不穩定,日本企業也可能受影響,更可能讓全球科技產業相關廠商跟著斷鏈,現在台灣業者已密切注意後續發展,也展開穩固貨源的行動。(新聞來源:經濟日報)
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