關稅戰 衝擊全球年終旺季訂單
Date: 2019-08-05
News Type:
川普政府計劃最快本周公布對剩餘3,000億美元中國輸美產品加徵10%關稅的最終清單,涵蓋的品項可能從手機、筆記型電腦、紡織品、玩具、化學品一直到塑膠等各種消費品,再加上新關稅預訂於9月1日生效,將衝擊今年全球年終購物旺季的各產業供應商接單。
美國貿易代表署(USTR)5月已公布一份規模約3,000億美元的課稅產品目標初步清單,內含3,805項中國進口產品代碼,類別涵蓋手機、筆記型電腦、平板電腦、服飾、鞋類、製造紡織品、肉品、樂器等幾乎所有還沒被加徵關稅的中國進口品,僅排除藥品、稀土金屬等,並已完成聽證會等公共審議程序。
隨著美國總統川普上周突然將貿易戰升級,USTR表示,未來幾天內將把最終清單公布在聯邦公報。高盛分析師指出,新一輪關稅影響的產品中,逾60%是消費者產品,廠商可能會轉嫁增加的關稅成本,代表美國民眾將面臨漲價衝擊。
全美零售協會(NRF)的報告顯示,若USTR依初步清單的品項加徵關稅,美國的玩具將漲價約17%、鞋類漲8%、服飾漲5%、家具和電視漲價4%。消費者科技協會(CTA)預估,筆電和平板電腦價格將上漲50至120美元,智慧手機價格將漲70美元。
貝茲娃娃等知名玩具製造商MGA娛樂公司執行長賴瑞恩表示:「我們必須漲價,這代表消費者將為玩具多付30%至40%的費用。我們正在購物季高峰,訂單已進來、工廠正在生產玩具,而且準備出貨,屆時關稅將開始產生衝擊。」哥倫比亞運動服飾公司也已向零售客戶預告數月內將漲價。
零售業者表示,新關稅將在最糟的時間點實施,因為9月適逢即將進入第4季,正是零售業攸關年度盈虧的購物旺季。網購競爭已使美國零售業今年來宣布逾7,500家門市關閉計畫,分析師說,最新關稅將進一步引發數千家門市關店與裁員潮。
鞋類產業也是最大受害者之一。美國鞋業經銷商及零售商協會指出,美國販售的鞋子中約七成是中國製,目前自中國進口的鞋子已被課徵高達67%的關稅,估計新一輪關稅將使帆布鞋價格從49.99美元上漲至58.69美元,慢跑鞋從150美元上漲至187.5美元。
NRF高級副總裁弗蘭奇警告,日用品漲價將對整體經濟產生寒蟬效應。消費者支出占美國經濟的70%,零售業則占四分之一的就業數。(新聞來源:經濟日報)
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