蘋果傳評估遷移中國產線 iPhone衝擊不大
Date: 2019-06-27
News Type:
華爾街日報引述知情人士說法報導,美中貿易糾紛難解,促使蘋果公司考慮分散供應鏈風險。蘋果要求多家供應商研究將部分產品最終組裝線遷出中國,但iPhone短期所受影響有限。報導援引未具名知情人士表示,儘管生產不易做出重大調整,遷移產線甚至要多年才能實現,蘋果公司(Apple)仍想知道將部分裝置多達1/3產能遷出中國的可行性,東南亞是考慮中的目的地,但蘋果尚未做出最終決定。
數十年來,中國一直是外商重要生產基地,但近年生產成本攀升,促使成衣、製鞋與其他低成本產線逐漸撤離中國,美國去年起對數千億美元中國貨品加徵關稅加快這股趨勢。但華爾街日報指出,對許多科技公司來說,生產撤離中國難度高很多。中國主要吸引力在於供應鏈完善、基礎建設可靠,擁有善於精密製造的充裕勞動力、訓練有素的工程師,親商的政府政策也有助企業徵才。對想打進中國市場的業者而言,關稅與其他壁壘使得在地生產比進口產品更具競爭力。
與這些業者相比,蘋果處境更加微妙。蘋果總營收約1/5來自大中華地區(含中國、香港、台灣),供應鏈足跡遍布中國,估計僱用約300萬名員工。美國5月列出約3000億美元中國貨品清單,智能型手機與筆記型計算機等中國製產品輸往美國,恐被加徵25%關稅。報導引述知情人士透露,蘋果為避免受這波關稅衝擊,已加快部分中國製產品生產與運送,以便囤貨。蘋果也持續詢問供應商,是否可能進一步削減成本。
知情人士表示,替蘋果代工的和碩在印尼巴淡島投資約1000萬美元擴廠,以躲過關稅衝擊。不過,跨國遷移產線並不容易。一名業界高層舉例,生產設備與組裝線必須先拆解、打包、通關,才能運往新產地,接著必須重新裝配、測試、校準,並調整生產率。此外,新產地還要具備特定軟件與環境控制系統,作業員、工程師和品管經理等人力也不可少,還必須訓練有素。
最後一關才是蘋果。知情人士指出,代工廠新產線必須獲得蘋果認可,而蘋果一向以要求嚴苛聞名。 (新聞來源:中央社)
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