蘋果在陸產能 擬撤出三成
Date: 2019-06-21
News Type:
蘋果公司(Apple)據傳已要求主要供應商,評估把15%至30%的產能從中國遷往東南亞對成本的影響,凸顯蘋果在美中貿易戰之際,準備從根本重新調整自家供應鏈。
《日經亞洲評論》引述多方消息人士報導,包括主要iPhone組裝廠鴻海、和碩、緯創,和MacBook的主力代工廠廣達、iPad代工廠仁寶、AirPods代工廠英業達、立訊精密與歌爾聲學,都已被蘋果要求評估生產遷出中國的選項。至於印刷電路板(PCB)與機殼等其他供應商則密切關注上述主要組裝廠的動向,以便決定自己的下一步。
消息人士說,蘋果考慮可將製造地分散至墨西哥、印度、越南、印尼與馬來西亞。其中,印度與越南是遷移智慧手機生產的首選地。
蘋果此舉是由美中貿易戰所觸發,不過日經報導指出,多方消息人士表示,即使美中解決爭端,供應鏈調整也不會回頭。七名消息人士透露,蘋果已判定像現在如此大幅仰賴中國製造的風險太高,甚至會進一步攀升。
熟悉內情的人士說:「生育率降低、勞工成本上揚,以及產品製造過度集中於單一國家。這些不利因素並不會煙消雲散」,無論美國是否再對3,000多億美元的中國輸美產品加徵關稅,「蘋果正跟進大趨勢(將生產分散),讓自己有更多彈性」。
雖然緯創從2017年來已經在印度生產較平價iPhone,鴻海今年起也開始在印度組裝iPhone,但產量非常少。目前逾90%的蘋果產品仍在中國組裝。供應商承認,要把供應網絡複製至他處非常耗時,選定一個地點後,至少需18個月才能開始生產,中國短期內仍可能是蘋果最重要的生產基地。
摩根士丹利分析師胡伯蒂的最新研究報告指出,蘋果5月在中國手機市場占有率年比增幅連五月攀升,減輕市場唯恐貿易戰導致iPhone在當地需求劇減疑慮。(新聞來源:udn聯合新聞網)
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