全球央行:貿易戰恐促通縮
Date: 2018-04-30
News Type:
國際貨幣基金( IMF )和世界銀行( World Bank )春季會議近日在美國華府落幕,全球央行提出警告說,貿易戰令他們更擔心經濟後果導致的通貨緊縮,而非提高關稅所造成的通貨膨脹。
貿易緊張昇高是這次國際貨幣基金集會的重要議題,也是決策官員近日在公報上所示警的挑戰。哥倫比亞央行總裁艾克哈瓦里亞說,貿易戰將是災難,巴拉圭央行總裁巴多畢諾斯說「對所有人都不利」,日本央行總裁黑田東彥則形容保護主義行為「非常不可取」。
關稅短期推升通膨,高關稅將提高進口價格並拖累經濟活動,意味著各國央行需更長時間來維持寬鬆政策。 IMF西半球部門主管沃納指出,課徵關稅對價格有直接影響,但幾股衰退力量會使價格明顯向下偏離。 」「若果真如此,貨幣政策將比基線更加寬鬆。」
各國央行官員呼應這項疑慮。哥倫比亞央行總裁艾克哈瓦里亞說,保護主義高漲「將對成長造成很大衝擊」、「對全球成長將是一場災難,從1930年代記取的教訓是,當所有國家開始提高關稅,經濟就會停滯不前。
至目前為止,光是貿易風險不足以阻止全球政策緊縮循環轉向。美國聯準會準備在六月前再度升息,而依賴貿易的新加坡也在本月緊縮貨幣。聯準會上次會議紀錄也顯示,絕大多數決策官員看到全球貿易緊縮帶來的經濟下行風險,川普的貿易政策正在削弱之前強勁的消費者及企業信心。 (新聞來源: 聯合新聞網)
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